ASCII

Created on: September 20, 2023Modified on: September 30, 2023

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASCII is one of the earliest character encoding standards. Developed in the early 1960s and is what C uses.
It uses 7 bits to represent each character, allowing for a total of 128 different characters.
It includes control characters (carriage return, new line, etc) and printable characters (letters, digits, punctuation, etc.).
It's primary designed for English.

Control characters

Decimal	Abbreviation	C Escape Sequence	Name
0	NUL	\0	Null
1	SOH		Start of Heading
2	STX		Start of Text
3	ETX		End of Text
4	EOT		End of Transmission
5	ENQ		Enquiry
6	ACK		Acknowledgement
7	BELL	\a	Bell
8	BS	\b	Backspace
9	HT	\t	Horizontal Tab
10	LF	\n	Line Feed
11	VT	\v	Vertical Tab
12	FF	\f	Form Feed
13	CR	\r	Carriage Return
14	SO		Shift Out
15	SI		Shift In
16	DLE		Data Link Escape
17	DC1		Device Control 1
18	DC2		Device Control 2
19	DC3		Device Control 3
20	DC4		Device Control 4
21	NAK		Negative Acknowledge
22	SYN		Synchronous Idle
23	ETB		End of Transmission Block
24	CAN		Cancel
25	EM		End of Medium
26	SUB		Substitute
27	ESC	\e	Escape
28	FS		File Separator
29	GS		Group Separator
30	RS		Record Separator
31	US		Unit Separator
127	DEL		Delete

Printable characters

Decimal	Character
32	<space>
33	!
34	"
35	#
36	$
37	%
38	&
39	'
40	(
41	)
42	*
43	+
44	,
45	-
46	.
47	/
48	0
49	1
50	2
51	3
52	4
53	5
54	6
55	7
56	8
57	9
58	:
59	;
60	<
61	=
62	>
63	?
64	@
65	A
66	B
67	C
68	D
69	E
70	F
71	G
72	H
73	I
74	J
75	K
76	L
77	M
78	N
79	O
80	P
81	Q
82	R
83	S
84	T
85	U
86	V
87	W
88	X
89	Y
90	Z
91	[
92	\
93	]
94	^
95	_
96	`
97	a
98	b
99	c
100	d
101	e
102	f
103	g
104	h
105	i
106	j
107	k
108	l
109	m
110	n
111	o
112	p
113	q
114	r
115	s
116	t
117	u
118	v
119	w
120	x
121	y
122	z
123	{
124	\|
125	}
126	~

Clojure

;; Code to generate the table
(let [ascii (map (fn [dec]
                   [dec (-> dec Character/toChars first)])
                 (range 32 (inc 126)))]
  (doseq [[dec c] ascii]
    (println (format "| %s | %s |" dec c))))